全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43337篇 |
免费 | 4748篇 |
国内免费 | 3814篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 2051篇 |
技术理论 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 4765篇 |
化学工业 | 7414篇 |
金属工艺 | 4336篇 |
机械仪表 | 5420篇 |
建筑科学 | 3866篇 |
矿业工程 | 2270篇 |
能源动力 | 1113篇 |
轻工业 | 2795篇 |
水利工程 | 1024篇 |
石油天然气 | 2814篇 |
武器工业 | 628篇 |
无线电 | 2029篇 |
一般工业技术 | 4410篇 |
冶金工业 | 1576篇 |
原子能技术 | 255篇 |
自动化技术 | 5132篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 205篇 |
2023年 | 1301篇 |
2022年 | 2242篇 |
2021年 | 2287篇 |
2020年 | 1803篇 |
2019年 | 1414篇 |
2018年 | 1262篇 |
2017年 | 1419篇 |
2016年 | 1563篇 |
2015年 | 1567篇 |
2014年 | 2328篇 |
2013年 | 2077篇 |
2012年 | 2859篇 |
2011年 | 3085篇 |
2010年 | 2412篇 |
2009年 | 2630篇 |
2008年 | 2201篇 |
2007年 | 2958篇 |
2006年 | 2766篇 |
2005年 | 2308篇 |
2004年 | 1826篇 |
2003年 | 1712篇 |
2002年 | 1390篇 |
2001年 | 1125篇 |
2000年 | 984篇 |
1999年 | 795篇 |
1998年 | 675篇 |
1997年 | 493篇 |
1996年 | 439篇 |
1995年 | 377篇 |
1994年 | 354篇 |
1993年 | 221篇 |
1992年 | 173篇 |
1991年 | 165篇 |
1990年 | 116篇 |
1989年 | 88篇 |
1988年 | 77篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 4篇 |
1951年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 25 毫秒
11.
JAVARIA AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ KASHIF ALI KUBAR SHAFAQAT ALI CHENGXIAO HU 《Biocell》2021,45(6):1631-1649
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due
to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing
plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd
spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil,
mixed with different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO4
at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress,
antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that
addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters,
mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of
chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to
those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of
oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to
the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like
phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the
soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which
were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application
of FeSO4 which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and
shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of
FeSO4 in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd
stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO4-mediated reduction of
the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
天然气水合物储层泥质细粉砂挡砂介质堵塞规律与微观挡砂机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国南海海域部分天然气水合物储层中地层砂为高泥质含量细粉砂,开采防控砂难度较大。针对高泥质细粉砂挡砂机制问题,使用粒度中值为10.13 μm的泥质细粉砂样品,模拟单向气液携砂流动条件,使用绕丝筛板、金属烧结网、金属纤维、预充填陶粒4类挡砂介质在20~80 μm挡砂精度下进行挡砂模拟实验,采用显微成像系统观察挡砂介质内部及表面砂粒沉积与堵塞动态,分析介质流通性能和挡砂性能变化,总结堵塞规律、微观挡砂机制与形态及其控制因素。研究结果表明,不同类型和精度的挡砂介质对泥质细粉砂的堵塞总体呈现堵塞开始、堵塞加剧和堵塞平衡3个阶段。随着驱替进行,挡砂介质渗透率逐渐降低,幅度会高达90%以上;同时过砂速度减缓,最终过砂率为5%~10%。根据堵塞规律和微观图像分析,提出了粗组分分选桥架、局部砂团适度挡砂、整体砂桥阻挡等挡砂介质对泥质细粉砂的3种微观挡砂机制。以粗组分分选桥架挡砂机制为主的挡砂工况下,挡砂介质堵塞渗透率较高,但过砂率超过15%,挡砂效果较差;以整体砂桥挡砂机制为主时,过砂率在10%以下,挡砂性能较好,但各类挡砂介质的堵塞渗透率不足1 D,流通性能较差。局部砂团适度挡砂机制为主时介质挡砂性能及流通性能介于两者之间。挡砂介质对天然气水合物储层泥质细粉砂的微观挡砂机制和形态受挡砂介质类型、精度、地层砂特征以及流动条件等因素控制,其规律对于水合物泥质细粉砂防控砂优化有指导意义。 相似文献
15.
16.
陈奉贤 《计算机工程与科学》2022,44(7):1181-1190
高性能集群的作业调度通常使用作业调度系统来实现,准确填写作业运行时间能在很大程度上提升作业调度效率。现有的研究通常使用机器学习的预测方式,在预测精度和实用性上还存在一定的提升空间。为了进一步提高集群作业运行时间预测的准确率,考虑先对集群作业日志进行聚类,将作业类别信息添加到作业特征中,再使用基于注意力机制的NR-Transformer网络对作业日志数据建模和预测。在数据处理上,根据与预测目标的相关性、特征的完整性和数据的有效性,从历史日志数据集中筛选出7维特征,并按作业运行时间的长度将其划分为多个作业集,再对各作业集分别进行训练和预测。实验结果表明,相比于传统机器学习和BP神经网络,时序神经网络结构有更好的预测性能,其中NR-Transformer在各作业集上都有较好的性能。 相似文献
17.
目的 通过对广泛使用的PBAT–PLA生物降解膜袋在受控需氧堆肥条件下的降解机制研究,为生物降解塑料的大规模推广提供重要理论基础。方法 根据GB/T 19277.1—2011,在(58±2)℃需氧条件下,对PBAT–PLA膜袋进行为期160 d的生物降解测试(即工业堆肥),并以常见的可降解材料微晶纤维素作为参比样品。对降解前后的材料进行红外、扫描电镜、能谱分析,并结合其所在堆肥样本的脂肪酶活性,从多角度探寻降解机制。结果 PBAT–PLA膜袋与微晶纤维素所在的堆肥脂肪酶活性都达到空白堆肥的3倍以上。红外显示由微晶纤维素水分子吸附、糖环打开、基团氧化形成的吸收峰加强,PBAT–PLA膜袋中的酯键峰明显减弱;扫描电镜发现降解的PBAT–PLA膜袋表面覆盖了微生物膜;能谱分析发现,碳元素大幅减少,氧元素增加。结论 微生物在PBAT–PLA膜袋表面生长形成生物膜,分泌大量脂肪酶,水解PBAT–PLA的酯键,使聚合物降解为不同链长的中间体或小分子,同时伴随着氧化,随后被作为碳源,在相关微生物体内被代谢利用,形成最终产物。 相似文献
18.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(12):103858
In this work, we have elucidated the pH-induced structural evolution of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst based on a hydrothermal synthesis route. With increasing the pH value of precursor solution, pure Bi2MoO6 was synthesized at pH 2–5, Bi2MoO6-Bi4MoO9 mixture was obtained at pH 7–9, pure Bi4MoO9 was obtained at pH 11, and pure α-Bi2O3 was derived at pH 13. The as-derived samples mainly present particle-like shapes but with different particle sizes (except the observation of Bi2MoO6 nanowires in sample S-pH9). The photocatalytic performances between the samples were compared via the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. The Bi2MoO6 sample synthesized at pH 2 exhibited the highest photodegradation performance (η(30 min) = 89.8 %, kapp = 0.05007 min?1) among the samples. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of MB were systematically analyzed. Moreover, the photodegradation performance of the Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was further evaluated at different acidic-alkaline environments as well as in degrading various color and colorless organic pollutants, which provides an important insight into its practical application. 相似文献
19.
Linhui Lu Qingli Shu Guiru Zhang Qi Zhang Ping Du Xuedong Zhu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(10):e17787
Palladium-based catalysts have been widely employed in the electro-Fenton process for in situ generation of H2O2. However, the process is still far from being practical on a large scale. In this work, a series of ClxFePd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts were prepared by a three-step-impregnation method. They exhibited excellent activity in H2O2 in situ synthesis and high efficiency in phenol degradation. The characterization results showed that Cl could assist in increasing the content of Pd0 and reducing the isoelectric point of catalysts, which led to the drastic promotion in the synthesis of H2O2. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that Cl doping could facilitate the main reaction in H2O2 synthesis, as well as inhibit side reactions such as dissociation of the O O bond. Furthermore, kinetic models were proposed and fitted. A plausible reaction mechanism as well as degradation pathways were elaborated based on electron spin resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results. These findings illustrate the value of palladium-based ClxFePd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts for their application in the electro-Fenton process. 相似文献
20.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(11):7432-7442
The durability of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is still an important factor that hinders its large-scale commercial application. In this paper, we have conducted a 1000 h durability test on a 1 kW metal plate PEMFC stack, and explored the degradation of the core components. After 1000 h of dynamic load cycles, the voltage decay percentage of the stack under the current densities of 1000 mA cm?2 is 5.67%. By analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the surfaces of the metal plates are contaminated locally by organic matter precipitated from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The SEM images of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) cross section indicate that the MEA has undergone severe degradation, including the agglomeration of the catalyst layer, and the thinning and perforation of the PEM. These are the main factors that cause the rapid increase in hydrogen crossover flow rate and performance decay of the PEMFC stack. 相似文献